{"id":2484,"date":"2025-03-10T05:49:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T02:49:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bilgisarayi.net\/?p=2484"},"modified":"2025-03-10T05:49:26","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T02:49:26","slug":"anlatim-bicimleri-teknikleri-nelerdir-ornekler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/anlatim-bicimleri-teknikleri-nelerdir-ornekler\/","title":{"rendered":"Anlat\u0131m Bi\u00e7imleri\/Teknikleri Nelerdir? \u00d6rnekler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yazarlar\u0131n bir konuyu ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi ortaya koyu\u015f bi\u00e7imine\u00a0anlat\u0131m tekni\u011fi<\/strong>\u00a0denir. Yazarlar\u0131n anlat\u0131m tekni\u011fi, anlataca\u011f\u0131 konuya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden yazarlar, ele alacaklar\u0131 konuya en uygun anlat\u0131m tekni\u011fini se\u00e7melidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir olay\u0131 anlatmakla bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi anlatmak ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bunlar farkl\u0131 anlat\u0131m tekniklerini gerektirir.<\/p>\n

Yazar, olay\u0131 anlat\u0131rken \u00f6yk\u00fcleme tekni\u011finden; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini anlat\u0131rken de a\u00e7\u0131klama tekni\u011finden yararlanabilir. \u00dcstelik konuya uygun anlat\u0131m tekni\u011fini se\u00e7mek, yazar\u0131n anlat\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc etkili k\u0131lar. \u015eimdi anlat\u0131m tekniklerini inceleyelim:<\/p>\n

<\/span>1. \u00d6yk\u00fcleme<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Belli bir zaman i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen olaylar\u0131 hikaye etmeye \u00f6yk\u00fcleme denir. Bu anlat\u0131m bi\u00e7iminde ya\u015fanan olaylar \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar. Olaylar\u0131n anlat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yerde \u00f6yk\u00fclemeden s\u00f6z edilemez. \u00d6yk\u00fclemede olaylar aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bir de\u011fi\u015fkenlik, hareketlilik s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek:<\/strong>\u00a0Sabahleyin mutfak taraf\u0131ndan gelen bir sesle irkildi. Seslendi, kimse cevap vermedi. Merak ederek y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc mutfa\u011fa do\u011fru. Kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, i\u00e7eri bakt\u0131, kimseyi g\u00f6remedi. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek tam geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyordu ki, bir t\u0131k\u0131rt\u0131 daha i\u015fiterek duraklad\u0131. Ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eri atmas\u0131yla birlikte tel dolab\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan kocaman bir kedi f\u0131rlad\u0131. Korkuyla gerildi bir an, sonra durdu. \u015ea\u015fk\u0131n \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n bak\u0131nd\u0131lar birbirlerinin y\u00fcz\u00fcne.<\/p>\n

#<\/strong>\u00a0Bu par\u00e7ada s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen ki\u015finin \u201cmutfakta ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131\u201d anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Olaylar par\u00e7adan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere belli bir zaman i\u00e7inde \u201csabahleyin\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla par\u00e7ada olaylar a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6yk\u00fcleme tekni\u011finden yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>2. Betimleme<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Yazar\u0131n g\u00f6zlemlediklerini okurun g\u00f6z\u00fcnde canlanacak bi\u00e7imde aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131m bi\u00e7imine betimleme denir. Betimleme tekni\u011finde g\u00f6rsellik \u00f6n planda oldu\u011fundan varl\u0131klar ayr\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zellikleriyle aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Varl\u0131klar\u0131n bi\u00e7im, durum, renk gibi ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek:<\/strong>\u00a0Kar\u015f\u0131da sapsar\u0131 ova g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ortas\u0131ndan k\u0131vr\u0131la k\u0131vr\u0131la \u00e7ay ge\u00e7iyor ovan\u0131n. \u00c7ay\u0131n hemen k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 koyu ye\u015fil. S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct ve kavak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131\u2026 D\u0131\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru tarlalar\u2026 Kimisi nadasa b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; kimisi ekilmi\u015f. Daha ileride sonsuz bir k\u0131r bembeyaz uzan\u0131p gidiyor. Sonra yass\u0131 uzun da\u011flar alabildi\u011fine uzuyor. Bu Orta Anadolu\u2019nun da\u011flar\u0131 hep b\u00f6yle\u2026<\/p>\n

#<\/strong>\u00a0Dikkatle inceledi\u011fimizde par\u00e7ada g\u00f6rselli\u011fin \u00f6n planda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u201cOva, a\u011fa\u00e7lar, tarlalar, da\u011flar\u201d g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde canlanacak bi\u00e7imde aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu par\u00e7ada betimleme tekni\u011finden yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c7izgiler halat gibi kabar\u0131k, katmer katmer bir y\u00fcz\u2026 K\u0131z\u0131l, esmer bir ten\u2026 K\u0131rla\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bak\u0131ms\u0131z, sert, kumral sa\u00e7lar alt\u0131nda dar fakat \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir al\u0131n\u2026 Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k kumral ka\u015flar alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k kahverengi g\u00f6zler\u2026 G\u00f6z bebekleri p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l. H\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n, biraz da korkutucu bak\u0131\u015flar\u2026 Fakat b\u00fct\u00fcn bu h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn alt\u0131nda merhametli bir y\u00fcrek vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

#<\/strong>\u00a0Bu par\u00e7ada s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen ki\u015finin \u201cy\u00fcz\u00fc, g\u00f6zleri, sa\u00e7lar\u0131, aln\u0131\u201d sanki bir resim tablosu gibi ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde sunulmu\u015ftur. G\u00f6rsellik son derece belirgindir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu par\u00e7ada da betimleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>3. A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Okuru ayd\u0131nlatmak, bilgilendirmek i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurulan bir anlat\u0131m bi\u00e7imidir. \u00c7o\u011funlukla, \u00f6\u011fretici yaz\u0131larda kullan\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, yal\u0131n ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir s\u00f6yleyi\u015f \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar. Ayr\u0131ca bu anlat\u0131m tekni\u011finde daha \u00e7ok, nesnel ifadeler yer al\u0131r. Makalelerde, ders kitaplar\u0131nda, ansiklopedilerde a\u00e7\u0131klama tekni\u011finden yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c7evrenin end\u00fcstri art\u0131klar\u0131yla kirlenmesi sonucu, do\u011fa dengesi gittik\u00e7e bozulmaktad\u0131r. \u2018\u0130nsan\u2019 denilen t\u00fcr\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla ve \u00f6zellikle teknolojik d\u00f6nemde, fiziksel \u00e7evre h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Ancak t\u00fcrlerin yeni ortama uyum yapabilme h\u0131zlar\u0131, bu h\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ok gerisinde kalmaktad\u0131r. Bunun sonucu olarak da kimi t\u00fcrler t\u00fckenmekte ya da t\u00fckenme tehlikesiyle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

#<\/strong>\u00a0Bu paragrafta \u201cend\u00fcstri at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evreye olumsuz etkileri\u201d ile ilgili bilgiler verilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi yazar, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini nesnel ifadelerle aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla burada a\u00e7\u0131klama tekni\u011finden yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>4. Tart\u0131\u015fma<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Yazar\u0131n, bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131m tekni\u011fidir. Tart\u0131\u015fmada, yazar \u00f6ncelikle benimsedi\u011fi, yanl\u0131\u015f buldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi belirtir.<\/p>\n

Sonra da bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin hatal\u0131 y\u00f6nlerini ortaya koyarak kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden tart\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011finin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alarda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fma havas\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek:<\/strong>\u00a0Tutturmu\u015flar, sanat\u00e7\u0131 okurun d\u00fczeyine inmeli, yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 okurun istedi\u011fi do\u011frultuda ortaya koymal\u0131 diye. \u00d6ncelikle sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir zorunlulu\u011fu yok. Okurun d\u00fczeyine neden insin ki sanat\u00e7\u0131? Biraz da okur kendini zorlas\u0131n, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n kendince ortaya koydu\u011fu yap\u0131t\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in. E\u011fer sanat\u00e7\u0131, hep okuru hesaba katar ve ona g\u00f6re yap\u0131t \u00fcretirse, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n sanat ya\u015fam\u0131nda ilerleme g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. Bu da ister istemez genel sanata yans\u0131yacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

#<\/strong>\u00a0Sanat\u00e7\u0131 bu paragrafta\u00a0benimsemedi\u011fi\u00a0\u201csanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, okurun d\u00fczeyine inmesi gerekti\u011fi\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Sonra da bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6ncelikle sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir zorunlulu\u011fu yok. Neden sanat\u00e7\u0131, okurun d\u00fczeyine insin ki?\u201d c\u00fcmlelerinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere par\u00e7ada kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fma havas\u0131 vard\u0131r. O halde bu par\u00e7ada tart\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011fine ba\u015fvurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

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