{"id":32245,"date":"2025-03-11T00:17:46","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T21:17:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bilgiajansi.net\/?p=32245"},"modified":"2025-03-20T00:45:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T21:45:31","slug":"kalp-krizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/kalp-krizi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kalp Krizi Nedir? Nedenleri ve Belirtileri Nelerdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kalp krizi<\/strong>\u00a0kalbi besleyen damarlar\u0131n t\u0131kanmas\u0131 sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve hayat\u0131 tehdit eden bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu\u2019nun verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkemizde en s\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeni dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi hastal\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi hastal\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en s\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeni ise\u00a0kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum, kalp krizi belirtilerinin herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesinin ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Kalp Krizi Nedir? Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fur?<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0130stirahat halindeki bir insan\u0131n kalbi, dakikada yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 5-6 litre kan pompalar. Ancak kalbin kendisi bu kandan\u00a0direkt beslenemez. Kalp \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki aort damar\u0131ndan, sa\u011fa ve sola do\u011fru iki adet ana kalp damar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar(kroner arterler). \u00c7\u0131kan bu damarlar kalbi \u00e7epe\u00e7evre sarar ve beslenmesini sa\u011flar. \u0130\u015fte bu damarlar\u0131n t\u0131kanmas\u0131 sonucu\u00a0kalp krizi<\/strong>\u00a0geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

T\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgedeki kalp kas\u0131 oksijensiz kalaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcr ve fonksiyonunu kaybeder. \u00a0T\u0131kanan damar ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckse\u00a0beslenemeyen ve \u00f6len kalp kas\u0131 miktar\u0131 o kadar artacakt\u0131r. Peki bu damarlar neden t\u0131kan\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Kalp Damar T\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Neden Olur?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ya\u015f, genetik yap\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z beslenme, sigara, alkol, y\u00fcksel kolesterol, y\u00fcksek \u015feker, hareketsiz ya\u015fam tarz\u0131, y\u00fcksek tansiyon, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilo gibi bir\u00e7ok etmen zamanla\u00a0bu damarlarda plaklar olu\u015fmas\u0131na\u00a0ve daralmalara neden olurlar. Bu plaklar\u0131n y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ilerleyip damar\u0131 tamamen t\u0131kamas\u0131 sonucu kalp krizi geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Kalp krizinin di\u011fer bir nedeni ise kalbi besleyen damarlarda geli\u015fen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 spazm yani kas\u0131lmad\u0131r. Bu kas\u0131lma \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli oldu\u011funda kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 durdurarak kalp krizine neden olabilir. Bu durum t\u00fct\u00fcn ve yasad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ila\u00e7 kullananlarda daha \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl seyreder.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Kalp Krizi Belirtileri<\/span><\/h2>\n

Kalp krizi temelde g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 beklense de bazen \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u015fikayetler ile kendini g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n

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G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Kalp krizi belirtileri aras\u0131nda en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Kola, omuza, \u00e7eneye, mideye veya s\u0131rta yay\u0131lan\u00a0s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve bask\u0131 tarz\u0131nda\u00a0a\u011fr\u0131 olduk\u00e7a tipiktir. Genellikle a\u011fr\u0131 nokta \u015feklinde ufac\u0131k bir alanda de\u011fil daha yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Ancak her zaman bu \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyebilir. A\u011fr\u0131 normalde \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli olsa da \u015feker hastalar\u0131nda hafif bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k hissi \u015feklinde hissedilebilir.<\/p>\n

Boyuna ve \u00e7eneye vuran\u00a0a\u011fr\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olmadan boyuna ve \u00e7eneye vuran a\u011fr\u0131 ile kendini g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n

Nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Kalp krizi esnas\u0131nda g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na e\u015flik edebilir. G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclen\u00a0nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0da kalp krizinin bir belirtisi olabilir(daha nadir).<\/p>\n

Bulant\u0131 ve kusma:<\/strong>\u00a0Mide a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, midede rahats\u0131zl\u0131k hissi ve buna e\u015flik eden\u00a0kusma bazen kalp krizinin ilk belirtisidir. Kalp krizinde bulant\u0131 ve kusma g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla birlikte veya\u00a0g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n (daha nadir) g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Terleme:\u00a0<\/strong>Terleme genellikle\u00a0a\u011fr\u0131ya e\u015flik eder. G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, mide a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, s\u0131rt veya kol a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na e\u015flik eden so\u011fuk terleme her zaman dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mide yanmas\u0131 ve haz\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k:<\/strong>\u00a0Mide yanmas\u0131, haz\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k veya mideden g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcse yay\u0131lan yanma hissi bazen kalp krizinin tek belirtisi olabilir. Bu belirtiler ayn\u0131 zamanda mide refl\u00fcs\u00fcnde de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Omuz veya kol a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Kalp krizinde g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsten kola vuran a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 beklenir.\u00a0G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olmadan sadece omuz veya kol a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ile kendini g\u00f6sterebilir. Parmaklara kadar yay\u0131labilen bu a\u011fr\u0131 daha \u00e7ok sol kolda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

S\u0131rt a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6zellikle her iki k\u00fcrek kemi\u011finin ortas\u0131na veya sol k\u00fcrek kemi\u011fine do\u011fru vuran bir a\u011fr\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bayg\u0131nl\u0131k ve halsizlik:<\/strong>\u00a0Hi\u00e7bir a\u011fr\u0131 olmadan, bayg\u0131nl\u0131k ve aniden halsizlik geli\u015fen\u00a0ki\u015filerde (\u00f6zellikle ya\u015fl\u0131larda) bu durum kalp krizinden kaynaklan\u0131yor olabilir. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u00a0\u00e7arp\u0131nt\u0131 da kriz belirtisi olabilir.<\/p>\n

Kalp krizinin belirtileri ki\u015finin anatomik yap\u0131s\u0131na, ya\u015f\u0131na ve hangi damar\u0131n t\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde ve \u015fiddetlerde hissedilebilir. \u00d6zellikle \u015feker hastalar\u0131 nadir de olsa\u00a0belirti vermeden<\/strong>\u00a0kalp krizi ge\u00e7irebilirler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/span>Kimler Risk Alt\u0131nda?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Risk fakt\u00f6rleri damar yap\u0131s\u0131nda kolesterol, ya\u011f birikmesini ve plaklar olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Damar duvar\u0131nda olu\u015fan bu plaklar zamanla ilerleyerek veya koparak o damar\u0131 tamamen t\u0131kayarsa kalp krizine geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli olan bu risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fczeltilebilir.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015f<\/strong>: Kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riski ya\u015fla artmaktad\u0131r. Erkeklerde 45, kad\u0131nlarda 55 ya\u015f sonras\u0131 kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131na yakalanma riski artar.<\/p>\n

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Cinsiyet:<\/strong>\u00a0Altm\u0131\u015f ya\u015f alt\u0131 erkeklerde kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riski kad\u0131nlara g\u00f6re 1-2 kat daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sigara:\u00a0<\/strong>Hem sigara i\u00e7enler hem de bu dumana maruz kalan pasif i\u00e7iciler kalp damara hastal\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha risklidirler.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek tansiyon:<\/strong>\u00a0Kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f y\u00fcksek tansiyon\u00a0zamanla damarlara zarar vererek, buralarda ya\u011f birikimlerine ve damar t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131na neden olur. Bu t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klar kalbi besleyen damarlarda geli\u015firse kalp krizi geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek kolesterol:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u0130yi kolestrol\u00fcn (HDL) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, k\u00f6t\u00fc kolestrol\u00fcn (LDL) y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 kalp-damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli risk fakt\u00f6rleridir.<\/p>\n

\u015eeker Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6zellikle uzun s\u00fcre kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131namam\u0131\u015f kan \u015fekeri y\u00fckseklikleri t\u00fcm v\u00fccuttaki damar yap\u0131lar\u0131na zarar verir. Kalp krizi riskinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feker hastalar\u0131nda bu krizlerde g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyebilece\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ailede kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7iren olmas\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Ailede erkeklerden 55 ya\u015f \u00f6ncesi, kad\u0131nlardan da 65 ya\u015f \u00f6ncesi kalp krizi ge\u00e7iren birinin olmas\u0131 o ki\u015fi i\u00e7in bir risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6brek yetmezli\u011finin olmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Obezite<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stres<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uyu\u015fturucu madde<\/strong>\u00a0ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u00a0a<\/strong>lkol<\/strong>\u00a0kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n

Hareketsiz ya\u015fam tarz\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/span>Kalp Krizi Nas\u0131l Anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Kalp krizinden \u015f\u00fcphe duyan herkesin mutlaka en yak\u0131n acil servise ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 gerekir. Ki\u015finin \u015fikayetine, risk fakt\u00f6rlerine ve daha \u00f6nce kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunup\u00a0bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re doktor taraf\u0131ndan uygun tetkikler istenir. Ki\u015finin kalp krizi ge\u00e7irip ge\u00e7irmedi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in \u015fu testler yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r;<\/p>\n

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  • EKG:<\/strong> Kalp grafisi olarak bilinen EKG doktor muayenesi sonras\u0131 ilk istenen tetkiktir. Baz\u0131\u00a0kalp krizleri hi\u00e7bir ek tetkik istemeden sadece EKG ile anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve tan\u0131 konur. Ancak baz\u0131 kalp krizlerinde EKG tamamen normal olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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    • Kan Testleri:<\/strong> Kalp damar\u0131nda t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k olup kalp kas\u0131nda hasar meydana gelince kana \u00e7e\u015fitli maddeler sal\u0131n\u0131r. Kan testlerinde zamanla y\u00fckselen bu de\u011ferler kalp krizi tan\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Bazen doktorunuz sizi saatlerce tutup aral\u0131kl\u0131 kan tahlili almak isteyebilir. Bunun nedeni bu kan de\u011ferlerinin\u00a0kriz ge\u00e7irdikten saatler sonra y\u00fckseliyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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      • Ekokardiyogram:<\/strong> Doktorunuzun kalbin ultrasonuna bakmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kalbin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve fonksiyonu hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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        • Anjiografi:<\/strong>\u00a0Anjiyo olarak bilinen bu i\u015flemde doktorunuz kas\u0131ktan veya koldan bir kateter yard\u0131m\u0131yla atardamara girer ve oradan kalp damarlar\u0131na kadar ilerler. Kalp damarlar\u0131na kontrast madde verilerek t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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