{"id":35134,"date":"2025-03-13T00:57:21","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T21:57:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.e-kutuphane.com.tr\/?p=35134"},"modified":"2025-03-13T00:57:21","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T21:57:21","slug":"antik-cagin-en-unlu-sehirleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/antik-cagin-en-unlu-sehirleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Antik \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n En \u00dcnl\u00fc \u015eehirleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Antik \u00c7a\u011flar boyunca g\u00f6rkemli uygarl\u0131klar, g\u00f6rkemli\u00a0<strong>antik \u015fehirler<\/strong>\u00a0in\u015fa ettiler. Bu Antik \u015fehirlerin i\u015flevleri birbirlerinden epey farkl\u0131yd\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 en ba\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015fkent olarak tasarland\u0131lar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck birer yerle\u015fimden, devasa ticaret merkezlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise yerel inan\u00e7lar i\u00e7in birer k\u00fclt merkeziydiler.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Roma\"><\/span><strong>Roma<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ad\u0131n\u0131 veren bu\u00a0<strong>antik \u015fehir<\/strong>\u00a0y\u00fczy\u0131llarca antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ba\u015fkenti olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Be\u015f as\u0131rl\u0131k cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi ve arkas\u0131ndan gelen Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na egemen olunan \u0130mparatoluk d\u00f6neminde Roma, bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkeziydi. Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Bat\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00fcney Avrupan\u0131n ve kuzey Afrikan\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu y\u00f6netene kadar geni\u015flemeye devam etti.<\/p>\n<p>Roma\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc, zenginli\u011fini de artt\u0131rd\u0131. Bu da artan \u015fehir n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7in devasa in\u015faat projelerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine imkan verdi. Sava\u015f ganimetleri ile tap\u0131naklar, hamamlar, su kemerleri ve yollar in\u015fa edildi.<\/p>\n<p>Kavimler g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ile imparatorlu\u011fun b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi Roma \u015fehrini de etkiledi. \u015eehir n\u00fcfusu azald\u0131 ve ba\u015fkent ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Ancak Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Roma farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrde bir \u00f6nem kazand\u0131. Katolik mezhebinin lideri Papa\u2019lar, Hristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 orta\u00e7a\u011fda bu \u015fehirden y\u00f6nettiler. Bilinen t\u00fcm\u00a0<strong>antik \u015fehirler<\/strong>\u00a0aras\u0131nda Roma, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hala en s\u0131k ziyaret edilen metropoller aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Persepolis\"><\/span><strong>Persepolis<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u015eehir, M.\u00d6. 518 y\u0131l\u0131nda Akhamemi \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 I.Darius taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in iki y\u00fczy\u0131l sonraki fethine kadar da ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Pers imparatorlu\u011fu \u00e7ok uluslu bir yap\u0131ya sahipti ve bu durum Persepolis\u2019i bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi haline getirdi. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun her yan\u0131ndan mimarlar ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar ba\u015fkente getirildiler.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Petra\"><\/span><strong>Petra<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6lde kayal\u0131klar\u0131n aras\u0131na oyulmu\u015f Petra \u015eehri, Hellenistik \u00c7a\u011fda \u00f6nemli bir ticaret \u015fehriydi. \u00d6zellikle Nebati krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde baharat ticareti ile \u015fehir \u00e7ok zenginle\u015fmi\u015fti. Uzak \u00fclkeleri birbirine ba\u011flayan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir konumdayd\u0131 ve bu y\u00fczden pek \u00e7ok defa sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131. M.\u00d6.106\u2019da Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Petra\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Roma d\u00f6neminde deniz ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00f6nemini yitirdi ve di\u011fer\u00a0<strong>antik \u015fehirler<\/strong>\u00a0gibi Petra da yava\u015f yava\u015f terk edildi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atina\"><\/span><strong>Atina<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bir Miken yerle\u015fimi olan Atina, zamanla Yunan Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n merkezi haline geldi. Demokrasi, felsefe ve olimpiyatlar, Atina Kent Devleti\u2019nde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Atina, di\u011fer Yunan kent Devletlerinin lideri olmak i\u00e7in sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde bunu ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hala ziyaret edilen\u00a0<strong>antik \u015fehirler<\/strong>\u00a0aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Changan_Xian\"><\/span><strong>Chang\u2019an (Xi\u2019an)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Antik \u00c7in\u2019de Chang\u2019an, Zhou\u2019dan Tang\u2019a kadar pek \u00e7ok hanedan\u0131n ba\u015fkentiydi. Chang\u2019an, y\u00fcksek Budist tap\u0131naklar\u0131 ve pagodalarla dolu bir \u015fehirdi. H\u00fck\u00fcmet ve saray binalar\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u00c7in mimarisi ile in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti. \u015eehrin g\u00fcney do\u011fusunda ise nil\u00fcfer g\u00f6letleri, \u00e7i\u00e7ek bah\u00e7eleri ve k\u00f6\u015fkler vard\u0131. Burada, festivaller ve imparatorun d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u015f\u00f6lenler yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Chang\u2019an, M\u00d6 11. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan MS 9. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar \u00c7in\u2019in en \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fta Kore ve Japonya olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer Asya \u00fclkerleri ba\u015fkent in\u015fas\u0131nda Chang\u2019an\u2019\u0131 model alarak, Chang\u2019an\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zen duyulan\u00a0<strong>antik \u015fehirler<\/strong>\u00a0aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Teb_Waset\"><\/span><strong>Teb (Waset)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Teb, Eski Krall\u0131k d\u00f6neminde Yukar\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bir ticaret merkeziydi. Teb \u015fehrini farkl\u0131 kabileler y\u00f6netiyordu. Yeni Krall\u0131k D\u00f6nemi ile birlikle, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti oldu. Teb\u2019in h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve zenginle\u015fmesinde, Amun k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn merkezi olmas\u0131 etkili olmu\u015ftur. II.Ramses, ba\u015fkenti Pi-Ramesses\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131ktan sonra bile, Amun Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 rahipleri g\u00fc\u00e7lerini korudular. Bilinen t\u00fcm\u00a0<strong>antik \u015fehirler<\/strong>\u00a0aras\u0131nda Teb, bir\u00e7ok arkeologun g\u00f6zde \u015fehridir.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Babil\"><\/span><strong>Babil<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Babil, Zengin tarihe sahip Mezopotamya b\u00f6lgesinin\u00a0<strong>antik \u015fehirler<\/strong>\u00a0ve topluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 1792\u2019de Amorite hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nc\u0131 kral\u0131 Hammurabi ile birlikte Babil, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00f6rkemli bir ba\u015fkent haline geldi. Tap\u0131naklar, Zigguratlar ve saraylar ile \u015fehir, g\u00f6renleri hayrete d\u00fc\u015fecek bir hale geldi. Ama en \u00fcnl\u00fc yap\u0131, Kral II. Nebukadnezar\u2019\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f bir sulama sistemi ile in\u015fa ettirdi\u011fi Asma bah\u00e7eleridir. S\u0131cak ve kurak iklime sahip kentteki yemye\u015fil bah\u00e7eler, Heredot taraf\u0131ndan Yedi Harika\u2019dan biri olarak g\u00f6sterildi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hattusa\"><\/span><strong>Hattu\u015fa<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Hattu\u015fa, M\u00d6 2500\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda Hattiler taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Hititler, Hatti b\u00f6lgesini i\u015fgal ettikten sonra Hattu\u015fa ya\u011fmaland\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. M\u00d6 1650\u2019de Hitit Kral\u0131 Hattu\u015fili, Hattu\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 yeniden in\u015fa ettirdi. Hitit \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fcrken, Hattu\u015fa\u2019da b\u00f6lgenin en \u00f6nemli \u015fehri haline geldi. Hakk\u0131nda pek az \u015fey bilinen\u00a0<strong>antik \u015fehirler<\/strong>\u00a0aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ur\"><\/span><strong>Ur<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bir s\u00fcmer yerle\u015fimi olan Ur, G\u00fcney Mezopotamya\u2019da M\u00d6 5000-4100 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u00f6y olarak kuruldu.\u00a0 M\u00d6 3500 civarlar\u0131nda ise b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fehir haline geldi. Ur, F\u0131rat Nehri \u00fczerinde Basra K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne yak\u0131n bir noktada kuruldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ticaret merkeziydi. Arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Ur\u2019un \u00e7ok zengin bir \u015fehir oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Zenginli\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ur, \u00f6zellikle \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan Krallar\u0131 Ur-nammu ve o\u011flu Shulgi d\u00f6neminde \u00f6nemli k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmelere ev sahipli\u011fi etti. Bu d\u00f6nem S\u00fcmer R\u00f6nesans\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu iki kral ayn\u0131 zamanda in\u015faat projelerine de \u00f6nem verdiler. Zigguratlar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131, onlar\u0131n d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00d6 1750\u2019de Elam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, S\u00fcmer topraklar\u0131na sald\u0131rd\u0131 ve Ur \u015eehrini yak\u0131p y\u0131kt\u0131lar. Bu tarihten sonra \u015fehir, eski g\u00f6rkemini kaybetti. Yine de S\u00fcmet k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in \u00e7ok ileriydi ve sonraki y\u0131llarda Ur, bir e\u011fitim merkezi olarak hizmet verdi. Akhamenid d\u00f6neminde, Mezopotamya\u2019da iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, topra\u011f\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucunda verimsizlik ve k\u0131tl\u0131k ya\u015fand\u0131. Mezopotamya halklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kuzeye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. Di\u011fer\u00a0<strong>antik \u015fehirler<\/strong>\u00a0gibi Ur\u2019un da bu d\u00f6nemde terk edildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mohenjo-Daro\"><\/span><strong>Mohenjo-Daro<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Mohenjo-Daro, \u0130ndus Vadisi Medeniyeti\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehridir. \u015eehrin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, G\u00fcney Pakistan\u2019da, \u0130ndus Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Mohenjo-Daro halk\u0131, \u0130ndus vadisinin verimli topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flediler ve Mezopotamya kentleri ile ticaret yapt\u0131lar. M\u00d6 2600-1900 aras\u0131nda \u015fehir bir refah d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fad\u0131. Daha sonra Mohenjo-Daro, bilimeyen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 di\u011fer\u00a0<strong>antik \u015fehirler<\/strong>\u00a0gibi terk edildi. \u015eehrin sonunu kurakl\u0131k ya da selin getirdi\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"related-post grid\">\r\n      <div class=\"post-list \">\r\n\r\n          <div>  <\/div>\r\n    \r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <script>\r\n      <\/script>\r\n  <style>\r\n    .related-post {}\r\n\r\n    .related-post .post-list {\r\n      text-align: left;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    .related-post .post-list .item {\r\n      margin: 10px;\r\n      padding: 0px;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    .related-post .headline {\r\n      font-size: 18px !important;\r\n      color: #0b244c !important;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    .related-post .post-list .item .post_title {\r\n      font-size: 16px;\r\n      color: #080f35;\r\n      margin: 10px 0px;\r\n      padding: 0px;\r\n      display: block;\r\n      text-decoration: none;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    .related-post .post-list .item .post_thumb {\r\n      max-height: 220px;\r\n      margin: 10px 0px;\r\n      padding: 0px;\r\n      display: block;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    .related-post .post-list .item .post_excerpt {\r\n      font-size: 13px;\r\n      color: #050b21;\r\n      margin: 10px 0px;\r\n      padding: 0px;\r\n      display: block;\r\n      text-decoration: none;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    @media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) {\r\n      .related-post .post-list .item {\r\n        width: 45%;\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) {\r\n      .related-post .post-list .item {\r\n        width: 90%;\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @media only screen and (min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n      .related-post .post-list .item {\r\n        width: 90%;\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n      <\/style>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Antik \u00c7a\u011flar boyunca g\u00f6rkemli uygarl\u0131klar, g\u00f6rkemli\u00a0antik \u015fehirler\u00a0in\u015fa ettiler. Bu Antik \u015fehirlerin i\u015flevleri birbirlerinden epey farkl\u0131yd\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 en ba\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015fkent olarak tasarland\u0131lar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck birer yerle\u015fimden, devasa ticaret merkezlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise yerel inan\u00e7lar i\u00e7in birer k\u00fclt merkeziydiler. Roma Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ad\u0131n\u0131 veren bu\u00a0antik \u015fehir\u00a0y\u00fczy\u0131llarca antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ba\u015fkenti olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Be\u015f as\u0131rl\u0131k cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[2603,2604,4855,4853,4854,3867],"class_list":["post-35134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sehirler","tag-antik","tag-antik-cag","tag-atina","tag-perspolis","tag-petra","tag-roma"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35134"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52054,"href":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35134\/revisions\/52054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}