{"id":35170,"date":"2025-03-13T02:48:30","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T23:48:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.e-kutuphane.com.tr\/?p=35170"},"modified":"2025-03-13T02:48:30","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T23:48:30","slug":"hacova-mezokeresztes-muharebesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradasin.com.tr\/kutuphane\/hacova-mezokeresztes-muharebesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ha\u00e7ova (Mez\u00f6keresztes) Muharebesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ha\u00e7ova (Mez\u00f6keresztes) Muharebesi\u2019ne nas\u0131l gelindi?<\/span><\/h3>\n

E\u011fri Kalesi\u2019nin fethiyle gelen moral, \u00f6nc\u00fc kuvvetlerin ma\u011flubiyeti y\u00fc\u00adz\u00fcnden yerini h\u00fcz\u00fcn ve endi\u015feye b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kahramanca \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan Cafer Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir varl\u0131k g\u00f6steremeyen Rumeli Beylerbeyi g\u00f6revinden al\u0131narak yerine Sokollu Mehmed Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu Hasan Pa\u015fa getirildi. Asl\u0131nda yenilgideki as\u0131l su\u00e7 yard\u0131m g\u00f6nderilmesini engelleyen Veziriazam Damad \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa\u2019dayd\u0131. Sava\u015fa ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri kar\u015f\u0131 olan Damad \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa, \u00f6nc\u00fc kuvvetlerin ma\u011flubiyeti \u00fczerine korkuya kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Padi\u015fah da ondan farks\u0131zd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sava\u015f meclisinde, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ilerlemekte oldu\u011fu, Sokolluz\u00e2de Hasan Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n emrine daha kalabal\u0131k bir ordu verilerek onun sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi ve padi\u015fa\u00adh\u0131n ba\u015fkente geri d\u00f6nmesi fikri belirtildi. Ancak padi\u015fah ve ordu \u00fczerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir etkiye sahip olan Hoca Sadedin Efendi, \u201cBu i\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015ftir, Hasan Pa\u015fa, \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa veya di\u011ferleriyle halledilecek bir i\u015f de\u011fildir, bizzat padi\u00ad\u015fah\u0131n ordunun ba\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Aksi halde ordu yenilir\u201d diyerek bu fikre kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 ordusu 24 Ekim\u2019de E\u011fri\u2019den Ha\u00e7ova\u2019ya do\u011fru hareket etti ve 25 Ekim 1596\u2019da iki ordu Ha\u00e7ova\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7ova Muharebesi nas\u0131l cereyan etti?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Osmanl\u0131 ordusu 1526\u2019daki Moha\u00e7 Muharebesi\u2019nden 70 y\u0131l sonra ilk defa bir meydan sava\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Bir zamanlar meydan sava\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan\u0131 deviren ordunun bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi art\u0131k kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 ordusu devaml\u0131 ka\u00e7an d\u00fc\u015fman y\u00fcz\u00fcnden meydan sava\u015flar\u0131ndaki ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, kale ku\u015fatmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir zamanlar devaml\u0131 ka\u00e7an Avusturya ordusu ise kendini yenilemi\u015fti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Avusturya Ar\u015fid\u00fck\u00fc Maksimilyan ile Erdel Voyvodas\u0131 Barthory\u2019nin komuta etti\u011fi, 100 bin ki\u015filik ordu, Alman, \u0130spanyol, Papal\u0131k, Fransa, Macar, \u00c7ek ve Leh askerlerinden olu\u015fuyordu. Osmanl\u0131 ordusu da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 100 bin ki\u015fiydi. Osmanl\u0131lar, \u00f6nc\u00fc birliklerinin intikam\u0131n\u0131 almay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar, ilk defa Avusturyal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131 bir meydan sava\u015f\u0131nda yakalam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

25 Ekim\u2019deki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra, as\u0131l muharebe 26 Ekim\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun merkezinde Sultan III. Mehmed bulunuyordu. Sa\u011f\u0131nda vezirleri, solunda kad\u0131askerler ile Hoca Saadeddin Efendi vard\u0131. Sol kolda Anadolu, sa\u011f kolda Rumeli askerleri dizilmi\u015f, \u00f6ndeki birliklerin komutas\u0131 Ci\u011falaz\u00e2de Sinan Pa\u015fa ile K\u0131r\u0131m Han\u0131 Fetih Giray\u2019a verilmi\u015fti. Toplar zincirlerle birbirlerine ba\u011flanarak kuvvetli bir savunma hatt\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. Avusturya ordusu sava\u015f ba\u015flar ba\u015flamaz b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcyle sultan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu merkeze sal\u00add\u0131rd\u0131. III. Mehmed, kendisini g\u00fcvenceye almak i\u00e7in ordunun gerisindeki Yunus A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131na \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131. Ak\u015fam oldu\u011funda sava\u015f bitmemi\u015f, iki taraf\u0131n hesab\u0131 yar\u0131na kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ertesi g\u00fcn, Ha\u00e7ova batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n arka taraf\u0131nda mevzilenen Avusturya ordusu, Ci\u011falaz\u00e2de Sinan Pa\u015fa idaresindeki ileri kuvvetlerin t\u00fcm sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc yerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamad\u0131. \u0130kindi vakti geldi\u011fi halde Avusturya ordusu yerinden bir ad\u0131m bile k\u0131p\u0131rdamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrten Avusturya ordusu kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti. Sa\u011f kanat komutan\u0131 Rumeli Beylerbeyi Sokolluz\u00e2de Hasan Pa\u015fa, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in hemen ge\u00e7it ba\u015f\u0131nda birliklerini h\u00fccuma kald\u0131rd\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada merkeze de sald\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu haberi geldi. Hasan Pa\u015fa ne yapa\u00adca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tam merkeze do\u011fru harekete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131rada yo\u011fun bir d\u00fc\u015fman sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131 ve birliklerinin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 birlikleri, dikd\u00f6rtgen h\u00e2linde olu\u015fturulmu\u015f kontramar\u015f (contre-mansch) takti\u011fini izleyen Avusturya t\u00fcfekli piyadelerinin ate\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dayanamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Avusturya ordusu, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun sa\u011f kolunu imha ettikten sonra sultan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu merkeze sald\u0131r\u0131nca merkezdeki askerlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun merkezine dalan Avusturyal\u0131lar sava\u015fa kesin kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131p, e\u015fyalar\u0131 ve hazineyi ya\u011fmalamaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 ordusu, peri\u015fan bir durumdayken, Veziriazam Damad \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa, hemen ordunun geri \u00e7ekilmesini, hatta padi\u015fah\u0131n k\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirerek ka\u00e7\u0131\u00adr\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Bunun \u00fczerine, Sultan III. Mehmed, ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri kendisini sava\u015fmaya te\u015fvik eden Hoca Saadeddin Efendi\u2019ye d\u00f6nerek; \u201cEfendi, bundan sonra ne yapmak laz\u0131m?\u201d diye sordu. Herkes panik h\u00e2lindeyken bile moral ve cesaretini bozmayan Hoca Saadeddin Efendi, \u201cPadi\u015fah\u0131m, laz\u0131m olan yerinizden ayr\u0131lmaman\u0131zd\u0131r, muharebede b\u00f6yle \u015feyler olur. Sizden \u00f6nceki padi\u00ad\u015fahlar zaman\u0131nda da b\u00f6yle durumlar oluyordu. Sizin burada kalman\u0131z \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n zaferini getirecektir. E\u011fer buradan gidecek olursan\u0131z, ordumuz yenilecek ve bir daha toparlanamayacakt\u0131r\u201d diyerek padi\u015fah\u0131n cepheden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Merkezde sultan\u0131 koruyan yeni\u00e7eriler, pesetmemi\u015flerdi. Muharebenin g\u00f6rg\u00fc \u015fahidi bir paral\u0131 asker, \u201cT\u00fcrk \u0130mparatoru\u2019nun ota\u011f\u0131na eri\u015ftikleri anda yeni\u00e7eriler ileri at\u0131ld\u0131lar ve t\u00fcfekleriyle ate\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131lar, bizleri geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fcler\u201d diye olup biteni nakletmi\u015fti. Bu arada hazineleri ya\u011fmalayan Avusturya askerlerinin, \u00e7ad\u0131rlar aras\u0131nda dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun geri hizmetine mensup seyisler, a\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar, kat\u0131rc\u0131lar, deveciler gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn hademe g\u00fcruhu, \u00e7ad\u0131rlar aras\u0131nda ya\u011fmaya dalan d\u00fc\u015fman\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00fczerine kazma, k\u00fcrek, balta, kep\u00e7e vs. ellerine ne ge\u00e7irdilerse sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra bir taraftan da \u201ck\u00e2fir ka\u00e7t\u0131\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Yeni\u00e7erilerin yan\u0131s\u0131ra sava\u015fla i\u015fi olmayan ki\u015filerin de d\u00fc\u015fman askerlerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi ve sultan\u0131n cepheden ayr\u0131lmamas\u0131 da\u011f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flayan ordunun tekrar kendine gelmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Gizlenen ve ka\u00e7an askerler ve Tatarlar geri d\u00f6nerek, var g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle Avusturyal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerine sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Ci\u011falaz\u00e2de Sinan Pa\u015fa da pusuda bekledi\u011fi yerden \u00e7\u0131karak, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun sa\u011f kanad\u0131n\u0131 bozan Avusturya birliklerini batakl\u0131klara kovalayarak imha etti. Yats\u0131 vaktine kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 bin d\u00fc\u015fman askeri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Osmanl\u0131lar, Ha\u00e7ova Meydan Muharebesi\u2019nde ma\u011flup olmak \u00fczereyken zaferi kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Avusturya ordusunun ma\u011flup edilmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck pay sahibi olan Ci\u011falaz\u00e2de Sinan Pa\u015fa, zaferden sonra III. Mehmed\u2019in huzuruna gelip, \u201cy\u00fcz akl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ben sebep oldum\u201d diye \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcp veziriazaml\u0131kta g\u00f6z\u00fc oldu\u011funu ima ettiyse de sultan bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemedi. Ancak III. Mehmed, Hoca Saadeddin Efendi\u2019nin \u0131srarlar\u0131yla, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 takibe giden Damad \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 veziriazaml\u0131ktan azlederek yerine Ci\u011falaz\u00e2de Sinan Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 getirdi. Sultan III. Mehmed, zaferden sonra hemen \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. E\u011fer k\u0131\u015f\u0131 Macaristan\u2019da ge\u00e7irseydi, sava\u015f Osmanl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n lehine k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede sonu\u00e7lanabilirdi. Ancak bu f\u0131rsat ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin tarih\u00e7ileri, Ha\u00e7ova Muharebesi\u2019ni Moha\u00e7 ve \u00c7ald\u0131ran muharebele\u00adrinden bile \u00fcst\u00fcn tuttular. Ancak muharebe, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun g\u00fcc\u00fc sayesinde de\u011fil, Avusturya ordusunun disiplinsizli\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu muharebe, daha \u00f6nce Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na bile \u00e7\u0131kmayan Avusturyal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n art\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7ova\u2019dan sonra veziriazam ne hata yapt\u0131?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ci\u011falaz\u00e2de Sinan Pa\u015fa veziriazam olduktan sonra iki \u00f6nemli hata yapt\u0131. \u0130lk olarak, bizzat sefere gelmedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle K\u0131r\u0131m Han\u0131 Gazi Giray\u2019\u0131 azlede\u00ad<\/span>rek yerine sava\u015fta yard\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen Fetih Giray\u2019\u0131 tayin etti. Ancak iki karde\u015fin aras\u0131na nifak girdi ve Fetih Giray \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sinan Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n muharebeden sonra, yoklama yapt\u0131rarak sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7an\u00adlar\u0131 tespit edip, 30 bin askeri ordudan ihra\u00e7 etmesi, celali isyanlar\u0131n\u0131n fitilini ate\u015fledi. Ekonomik zorluklar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden sefere gelemeyen askerler da\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p e\u015fk\u0131ya oldular ve Anadolu\u2019yu alt \u00fcst ettiler.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\r\n \r\n \r\n Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130lgin\u00e7 \u00d6zellikleri <\/a>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n \r\n \r\n Ha\u00e7ova (Mez\u00f6keresztes) Muharebesi <\/a>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n \r\n \r\n Osman Gazi beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na hangi tarihte ge\u00e7ti? <\/a>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n \r\n \r\n Osman Gazi, amcas\u0131 D\u00fcndar Bey\u2019i neden \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc? <\/a>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n \r\n \r\n Osman Gazi\u2019nin ger\u00e7ek ismi nedir? <\/a>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n \r\n \r\n Osman Gazi hangi tarihte \u00f6ld\u00fc? <\/a>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n \r\n \r\n Osman Gazi Kimdir? Osman Gazi Biyografisi <\/a>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n